ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Soil Biodiversity and Its Security: A Holistic Approach
Soil biodiversity and its security are important global issues nowadays. These issues have a great concern day by day under the changing universe. This significant concern comes from the relation between soil biodiversity and its security and soil productivity on one side and the global food crisis on the other hand. Therefore, great initiations have been adopted by some scientists like Diana Wall, Rattan Lal, Alex McBratney, Damien Field, Cristine Morgan, Lorna Jarrett, Johan Bouma and Andrea Koch. These initiations have resulted in the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and the book entitled "Global Soil Security". As well known, several serious environmental challenges face the humanity including the security of food, water, energy, climate changes and protection the global biodiversity. So, the journal of Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security (EBSS) has been issued. This journal is an attempt to highlight on these environmental challenges and the suitable solutions seeking for a sustainable development.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3216_8769cdd07d2207d450d14edd6c4d535a.pdf
2017-06-01
1
3
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.856.1000
Soil biodiversity
soil security
Global issues
environment
Hassan
El-Ramady
ramady2000@gmail.com
1
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tarek
Alshaal
alshaaltarek@gmail.com
2
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Interactions between Selenium, Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Higher Plants under Abiotic Stresses
Selenium, the beneficial or quasi-essential element to higher plants, is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans as well as lower plants. In several countries around the world, about one billion of people are Se-deficient and counteract this problem, e.g., Brazil, Thailand, China and Egypt due to the low inherent Se concentration in soils. Therefore, different Se forms have been used in different crops using foliar and soil application as well as seed priming to increase the Se content in the edible parts of these crops. Due to its physiolocial roles in higher plants, Se has been used in counteracting various abiotic stresses including chilling, freezing, heat, drought, salinity, UV-B and heavy metals. Concerning Se and its interactions with some nutrients like Cu, Mo, Zn and iodine, a very few studies have been published, so further studies are needed. On the other hand, nano-Se and its roles in plant physiology under different abiotic stresses still also need further researches. Therefore, this review will focus on the physiological importance of Se and nano-Se for higher plants under abiotic stresses as well as the interaction of Se with some nutrients including Cu, Mo, Zn and iodine and some heavy metals such as As, Sb, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3215_9e7ce0d28b41d06718227a38bdf4d97d.pdf
2017-06-01
5
31
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.951.1001
selenium
Nano-Se
abiotic stress
Heavy metals
Eva
Domokos-Szabolcsy
domokosszabolcsy@gmail.com
1
Plant Biotechnology Dept., Debrecen Uni., Böszörményi Útca. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
AUTHOR
Tarek
Alshaal
alshaaltarek@gmail.com
2
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
AUTHOR
Nevien
Elhawat
adel.nevien@yahoo.com
3
Biological and Environmental Sciences Dept., Home Economics Faculty, Al-Azhar Uni, Egypt
AUTHOR
Neama
Abdalla
neama_ncr@yahoo.com
4
Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Center, 33-El-Behouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Andre
Reis
andrereis@tupa.unesp.br
5
Plant Physiology and Biosystems of Crop Production, Biosystems Engineering, Sao Paulo State University, Brazil
AUTHOR
Hassan
El-Ramady
ramady2000@gmail.com
6
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemically Modified Biochar Derived from Cotton Stalks: Characterization and Assessing Its Potential for Heavy Metals Removal from Wastewater
Biochar derived from agricultural byproducts is increasingly being recognized as a promising adsorbent material for wastewater remediation. This research is evaluating the effect of chemical treatment solutions on activating the sorption capacity of biochar derived from cotton stalks. The surface characteristics of chemically modified biochar (CMB) were investigated with scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Using batch adsorption experiments, biochar pretreated with sulfuric acid (SAB), oxalic acid (OAB), sodium hydroxide (SHB) and the untreated biochar (UTB) were subjected to assess their removal efficiency of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Co2+) as compared with active coal (AC). Biochar showed a higher sorption capacity of heavy metal ions as compared with AC. Biochar pretreated with acid solutions (SAB and OAB) exhibited a low removal efficiency of heavy metal ions as compared with other pretreatment solutions. SHB was the most effective product for adsorption of Pb2+ (44.64 mg g-1), Cd2+ (0.648 mg g-1) and Ni2+ (6.20 mg g-1); however, UTP showed the highest adsorption capacity of Co2+ (0.522 mg g-1). These results are confirmed with FTIR and SEM-EDS analyses. Sorption equilibrium isotherms could be described by the Langmuir model with a correlation coefficient higher than 90% in most cases.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3214_60ea57fe8599d4c024db2dbaf9f41331.pdf
2017-06-01
33
45
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.956.1002
Biochar
cotton stalks
Wastewater
Ahmed
Mosa
ahmedmosa@mans.edu.eg
1
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ayman
El-Ghamry
aymanelghamry@mans.edu.eg
2
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hassan
Al-Zahrani
hsalzahrani@kau.edu.sa
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Suadi Arabia
AUTHOR
El-Metwally
Selim
selimnrc2010@gmail.com
4
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, DamiettaUniversity
AUTHOR
Ayman
El-Khateeb
aymanco@mans.edu.eg
5
Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Some PGPR Strains to Biocontrol Rhizoctonia Solani in Soybean and Enhancement The Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield
Damping off is a serious disease that frequently targets the roots of seedlings of many crops and finally brings them to the death. Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most famous plant pathogenic fungi that causes damping off especially in damp environments and consequently reduces significantly the productivity of infected plants. Biocontrol, therefore, is a promising and urgent tool, particularly in organic farming, to minimize the using of fungicides in agricultural sector and keep the environment safe. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of combined inoculation with Methylobacterium strains (Methylobacterium aminovorans and Methylobacterium rhodinum); Bradyrhizobium japonicum (St. 110); Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum; and Trichoderma viride to biocontrol Rhizoctonia solani in soybean seedlings. All treatments decreased damping off and increased the healthy plants. T5 treatment (inoculation with B. japonicum (St. 110) + M. aminovorans + B. megatherium var. phosphaticum (B6) + T. viride + foliar spray with M. aminovorans) and T6 treatment (inoculation with B. japonicum (St. 110) + M. rhodinum + B. megatherium var. phosphaticum (B6) + T. viride + foliar spray with M. rhodinum) showed increased nodule numbers and dry weight of nodules at 45 and 60 days compared to un-inoculated chemical fertilized control. Significant increase in nitrogen%, phosphorus%, potassium %, number of pods, seed index (g 100 seeds-1) and seed yield (ton ha -1) of soybean plants was observed due to T5 treatment when compared with the control treatment at 30, 60 and harvest. Soil dehydrogenase, urease, and phosphatase activities were also significantly increased due to the treatments T5 and T6.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3294_fb27fa5ccc780d6fc3a36b88a9be0ec0.pdf
2017-06-01
47
59
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.993.1003
Soybean
Damping off
Rhizoctonia solani
Biocontrol
enzyme activities
Alaa El-Dein
Omara
alaa.omara@yahoo.com
1
Agricultural Microbiology, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fathy
Hauka
2
AUTHOR
Aida
Afify
3
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Nour El-Din
4
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Kassem
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Marine Microbial Polysaccharides Environmental Role and Applications: An Overview
Marine habitat represents about 70% of our planet. Microbial populations including bacteria, fungi and algae represent a base of food pyramids in this environment. The exudates of microbial cells (like polysaccharide) in the marine environment play an important role in energy cycling between the surface and the bottom in the sea by aggregation of small molecules causing them to sink. So it plays an important role in carbon sequestration and re emission through what called biologic pump. On the other hand, microbial polysaccharides help the microbial cell itself to colonize hydrophobic surfaces forming biofilms and tolerate drastic conditions like heat, salinity and cold stresses. Marine microbial polysaccharides are characterized by unique properties making them a good source of bioactive agents that can be used in many fields as anti-tumor, antiviral, antioxidant, anticoagulant, food and feed applications. An overview of the role of polysaccharide in the marine environment, its advantages and applications will be presented.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3295_ac80f3fd0dc312208cb222020cd504ed.pdf
2017-06-01
61
70
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1053.1004
marine habitat
Polysaccharide
Biologic pump
Bacteria
Tamer
Elsakhawy
drelsakhawyg@gmail.com
1
Microbiology department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatma A.
Sherief
2
AUTHOR
Rizk Y.
Abd-EL-Kodoos
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Foliar Application: From Plant Nutrition to Biofortification
It is well known that, sustainable agriculture is an important part of sustainable development. This sustainable agriculture should lead to achieve food security and maintain the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Sustainable agriculture also should have definitely a global perspective. The conservation of both soil and water resources, therefore, is considered an essential prerequisite as well as the efficient use of mineral and organic fertilizers. This could be achieved by improving agro-technology and better understanding of the essential processes in soils. Foliar application of agrochemicals including fertilizers should be improved seeking for the sustainability of agriculture. The present review will focus on the effects of foliar application of nutrients for plant nutrition and its biofortification. Proper timing of foliar application, endo-, exogenous and environmental factors affecting foliar nutrition, influence of mineral fertilizer nutritional quality of staple food crops and finally nano-foliar nutrition as well as postharvest quality of crops will be also highlighted.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3586_20869b31d1e4096b1b4fdb1d70f80587.pdf
2017-06-01
71
83
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1089.1006
Foliar nutrition
postharvest management
nano foliar application
agrotechnology
Biofortification
Tarek
Alshaal
alshaaltarek@gmail.com
1
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
El-Ramady
ramady2000@gmail.com
2
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Soil Quality Indices; Special Focus on Salt-affected Soil: Review and Case Study in Northern Egypt.
Soil plays an important role in human health and environmental quality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance soil quality and its capacity to function within land use and ecosystem boundaries. Measuring the change in soil properties is important and critical for monitoring change in soil quality. Although the concept of soil quality is clear, there is a little consensus about its measurement because multiple functions of soil and interaction between its properties. Soil quality can be measured by using soil properties as indicators or measurable alternative about soil performance in relation to specific function(s). The integration between soil properties through establishing minimum data sets (MDS) is required to identify an appropriate method to assess soil quality. The MDS is specific to each soil type and functions. For example, MDS for soils in arid and semi-arid regions should include salinity as indictor, but not for those in the humid regions. The synthesis of soil quality indicators into appropriate index is essential to assess the soil status and choose an appropriate method for enhancing soil quality. Salt-affected soils in arid and semi-arid regions have been degraded and have low economic yields. Salt-affected soils occur in about 75 countries, and occupy at least 20% of the irrigated lands in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to establish MDS to assess and enhance the quality of these soils because the restoration of these soils not only leads to increase in productivity and improvement in environmental quality but also to soil carbon sequestration.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3333_46a91c789f42c14005ad3446a14df952.pdf
2017-06-01
85
100
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1085.1005
Soil Quality
Salt-affected soils
minimum data sets
Egypt
Heba
Elbasiouny
hebayehia79@hotmail.com
1
Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, 31511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Fathy
Elbehiry
fathyelbehiry@gmail.com
2
Central laboratory for environmental studies, Kafrelsheikh University,33516, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abowaly
mabowaly@yahoo.com
3
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh, University 33516, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biological Control of Onion White Rot Disease Caused by Sclerotium cepivorum
ONION (Allium cepa L.) is a very important vegetable crop in Egypt and all over the world. White rot is a serious disease of Allium spp. caused by the soil-borne fungus Sclerotium cepivorum. In this study, three Trichoderma species and one vegan compost, alone or in combinations with the fungicide folicur were tested for their ability to inhibit mycelial growth of S. cepivorum. The results of the laboratory experiment showed that T. hamatum is the most effective as it recorded the highest inhibition (100% over growth) of the mycelial growth of the fungus followed by T. viride (64.6%) and T. harzianum (63.5%). The results indicated also that the compost tea caused inhibition of the fungus by 57.1%. In the pots experiment, folicur showed the highest efficiency (75.0%) to reduce the disease incidence, followed by T. harzianum combined with T. hamatum and folicur combined with T. viride and T. hamatumthat had 70.8% efficiency.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_3861_f1aefe372b56b8cfe9107327ef490ead.pdf
2017-06-01
101
107
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1547.1008
Sclerotium cepivorum
white rot
Onion
biological control
Trichoderma
Warda
Hussain
w_ahmed37@yahoo.com
1
Department of Integrated Control, Agricultural Research Station, Gemiza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelnaser
Elzaawely
elzaawely@agr.tanta.edu.eg
2
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nabil
El Sheery
nshery@yahoo.com
3
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelwahab
Ismail
ppathri@arc.sci.eg
4
Department of Integrated Control, Agricultural Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hassan
El-Zahaby
hzahaby@yahoo.com
5
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Environmental Nanoremediation under Changing Climate
Many global problems threaten our life on the Planet including climate changes, environmental pollution, food and soil security, energy crisis, etc. This environmental pollution has not only mainly serious risks and stress involving the human health and the entire ecosystem safety but also the quantity and quality of crop productivity worldwide. Due to the great gap between the global food production and the global consumption, there is a crucial need to cultivate these contaminated lands sooner or later. Therefore, the removing of pollutants from soils and waters should be performed in frame of sustainable remediation and sustainable energy production. Depending on many factors (source and kind of pollutants, land use and the economics of water and soil resources, etc) many strategies should be addressed for the sustainable and integrated management of polluted lands. Nanoremediation is a promising strategy in controlling pollution and management. Three major applications of nanoremediation could be characterized including detection of pollution using nanosensors, prevention of pollution, purification and remediation of contamination. Further studies also concerning the impact of changing climate on the nanoremediation process in the agroecosystems should be considered. Thus, this review will focus on the evaluation of environmental nanoremediation and its strategy in polluted lands under climate changes. Using of nanotechnology in pollution control as well as the environmental pollution and its sustainable management also will be highlighted.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_4031_57efb796403f5d8522f1b96fa4766178.pdf
2017-06-01
109
128
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1550.1009
Environmental Nanoremediation
Climate Change
pollution
Crop production
Environmental stress
Hassan
El-Ramady
ramady2000@gmail.com
1
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tarek
Alshaal
alshaaltarek@gmail.com
2
Soil and Water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
El-Henawy
aelhenawy@agr.kfs.edu.eg
3
Soil and water Dept., Kafrelsheikh Uni.
AUTHOR
Neama
Abdalla
neama_ncr@yahoo.com
4
Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Center, 33-El-Behouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hussein
Taha
hussein.taha2@yahoo.com
5
Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elmahrouk
threemelmahrouk@yahoo.com
6
Horticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh Uni., Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
AUTHOR
Tarek
Shalaby
tashalaby@yahoo.com
7
Horticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh Uni., Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt and College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Tamer
Elsakhawy
drelsakhawyg@gmail.com
8
Microbiology department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center.
AUTHOR
Alaa El-Dein
Omara
alaa.omara@yahoo.com
9
Agricultural Microbiology, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samia
elmarsafawy
samiaelmarsafawy797@hotmail.com
10
Soil, Water, and Environment Institute, ARC, Giza
AUTHOR
Nevien
Elhawat
adel.nevien@yahoo.com
11
Biological and Environmental Sciences Dept., Home Economics Faculty, Al-Azhar Uni, Egypt
AUTHOR
Said
Shehata
said_shehata2@ysahoo.com
12
Vegetable crop dept., faculty of agriculture, Cairo Uni.
AUTHOR
Dirk
Selmar
d.selmar@tu-bs.de
13
Applied Plant Science Dept., Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
AUTHOR
Eva
Domokos-Szabolcsy
domokosszabolcsy@gmail.com
14
Plant Biotechnology Dept., Debrecen Uni., Böszörményi Útca. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fungicidal Effect of Some Promising Agents in Controlling Maize Late Wilt Disease and Their Potentials in Developing Yield Productivity
Antifungal activities of cyanobacterial filtrate, compost tea, H2O2, garlic oil, barnyardgrass root exudates and Premis fungicide were tested against Cephalosporium maydis, the pathogenic fungus of late wilt disease of maize plants. In vitro and two field trials were carried out during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons under disease nursery conditions. In vitro, cyanobacterial filtrate and 30% premis fungicide were the superior treatments, by them linear growth of C. maydis were prevented totally and fulfillment inhibitions (100 %) were resulted with lowest IC50 values. Cyanobacterial filtrate and 3% H2O2 were more effective in developing grain germination. Disease incidence showed better efficacy due to use 30 % Premis fungicide followed by 3 % H2O2 with massive disease reductions reached 83.21 and 75.37 %, respectively during 2015 season. Effectiveness of the 3 % H2O2 dose was extended to the 2016 season with 5.11 % disease incidence and 73.39 % disease reduction. For grain productivity, remarkable enhancements in the weights of both 10 ears and 1000 grains due to all treatments compared to control were recorded in both seasons. Due to their antifungal activities, qualitative analysis of Cyanobacterial filtrate and barnyardgrass root exudates was assayed on Gas chromatography mass-spectrum (GC-MS). Malonic acid, 2,3-Butandiol, Hexestrol, 12-Crown-4-ether and cis-Vaccenic acid were the major compounds extracted from the cultured blue-green algae. Whereas, Nadolol, Quinine, α- Methylionol, Phyllocladene, alcohols, acids, phenols and 2,6-dihydroxy benzoic acid were the most abundant antimicrobial agents in the barnyardgrass root exudates.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_4240_b3b7520fe33f6bbdebbc66717087b2ee.pdf
2017-06-01
129
143
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1849.1013
Maize late wilt
Cyanobacteria
compost tea
disease reduction
S. M.
El-Moghazy
1
Plant Pathology Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
Moustafa
Shalaby
moustafashalaby@yahoo.com
2
Dept. of. Agric. Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahlam A.
Mehesen
3
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
M. H.
Elbagory
4
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Potential Control of Postharvest Gray Mold of Pomegranate Fruits Caused by Botrytis cinerea
Gray mold rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most economically significant postharvest diseases in pomegranate fruits. The aim of the current study is to evaluate Mangifera indica, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum majorana, Salix mucronata, Cinnamomum cassia and Zingiber officinale extracts and biocontrol agents for controlling gray mold disease on pomegranate. In vitro results showed that T. vulgaris (T.v), C. cassia (C.c) and Z. officinale (Z.o) extracts possessed highly significant antifungal activities as they completely inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea at the concentrations of 30000, 20000 and 30000 ppm, respectively. The combination of the aforementioned plant extracts and fungicide Flusilazole (Flu) overcomes the potency of Flu or the plant extracts alone specially C.c+Flu at the rate of (2:1; v/v) since it inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea with 89.6% inhibition compared to the control. The study also proved that using the aforementioned plant extracts alone or in combination with Flu as well as the bacterial antagonists (Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens) significantly reduced the loss in fruit weight. Furthermore, they also prolonged the storage period of pomegranate fruits and maintained high-quality parameters including soluble solids content and titratable acidity after cold storage at 5±1°C and 90% RH. In conclusion, using fungicides in controlling pomegranate fruit rots can be reduced by using the aforementioned plant extracts, bacterial antagonists and by reducing the concentration of fungicide through combining the plant extracts with half or one-third of the fungicide recommended dose to maintain eco-system safety and human health.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_4148_f103fdb31f400e0f6f85a07b80c5d2d9.pdf
2017-06-01
145
156
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1822.1011
pomegranate
Botrytis cinerea
Plant extracts
antagonists
Flusilazole
Samar
Allam
samar_allam7@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Gabr
Elkot
g_elkot2000@yahoo.com
2
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelnaser
Elzaawely
elzaawely@agr.tanta.edu.eg
3
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
El-Zahaby
hzahaby@yahoo.com
4
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Control of Peanut Root-rot Using Some Chemical Substances
PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important leguminous crop in Egypt. Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the most common disease of peanuts. In this study, six isolates of R. solani were isolated from peanut roots in El-Behera governorate during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Humic acid (H), sulfur (S) and gypsum (G) alone or in combinations were used as a seed dressing or a soil application to control root-rot disease in two peanut cultivars (Gregory and Ismailia1). Results indicated that peanut cv. Gregory appeared to be more susceptible to the fungus than cv. Ismailia1. Under greenhouse conditions, the combination of the three substances (H+S+G) caused the highest reduction in the incidence of R. solani damping-off on peanut cv. Gregory. Similar results were also obtained in the field experiment during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Furthermore, the results also indicated that each chemical substances and their combinations improved the growth characters in terms of the root and shoot weight as well as the yield of peanut plants.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_4238_c24ae5ef11053373b949eaa7226ba983.pdf
2017-06-01
157
165
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1812.1010
Rhizoctonia solani
Peanut
Damping-off
Root rot
Naglaa
Fath ELBabe
mnaglaa49@yahoo.com
1
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelnaser
Elzaawely
elzaawely@agr.tanta.edu.eg
2
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saber
Morsy
sabermohamed66@yahoo.com
3
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hassan
El-Zahaby
hzahaby@yahoo.com
4
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Saccharification of Delignified Rice Straw by Fusarium oxysporum for Ethanol Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
In the present work, a preliminary test proved that there was no contradiction between using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as single culture or mixed with Fusarium oxysporum in fermenting glucose to ethanol. Rice Straw was subjected to delignification by alkaline/hypochlorite method. Delignified rice straw (RS) and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) individually were used in bioconversion process for ethanol production. Fusarium oxysporum performed fermentation with and without aeration, achieving ethanol production of 0.8µl/ml and 2.9µl/ml, respectively, proving the importance of air absence in this process. The CMC and RS were applied in a submerged culture to give maximum cellulases activity of 0.444U and 1.474U after 8 days, respectively. In order to apply consolidated bioprocessing, saccharification of either CMC or RS by F. oxysporum was applied in a single submerged culture giving maximum saccharification efficiency of 16.8% and 16% after 7 and 11 days, respectively. In the same submerged culture, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to ferment the released sugar under no aeration achieving ethanol production of 6.1% and 3.878% (v/v) corresponding to fermentation efficiency of 42.4% and 34.4%, respectively.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_4504_2dbab2af50dcf61736f60bc19f4e9cfc.pdf
2017-06-01
167
176
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.2076.1016
saccharification
fermentation
Fusarium
Saccharomyces
Khadiga
ElGabry
khadigagabry@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Profeessor, Depart. of soil Mic SWERI,ARC,Giza,Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of Cellulase by Aspergillus tubingensis KY615746 Using Rice Straw Waste
Twenty isolates of cellulase producing fungi were isolated from six samples of rotted rice straw which collected from different localities in El-Gharbia Governorate (Basyion), Kafrelsheikh Governorate (Sakha) and El-Dakahlia Governorate (El-Mansoura). On the basis of hydrolysis zone surrounding the colonies, an efficient fungus isolate (F7) for highest cellulolytic activity were chosen. According to morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 18S rRNA sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to Aspergillus tubingensis KY615746. Effect of culture conditions for production of cellulase enzyme by A. tubingensis were investigated under Submerged Fermentation (SMF) and Solid State Fermentation (SSF) techniques. The optimum conditions for cellulase production by A. tubingensis were the best inoculum size was found to be 3%, pH 4, temperature 30 °C and incubation period 6th day where the reducing sugars attained (0.675, 0.728, 0.731 and 0.913 mg ml-1) with maximum activity (0.050, 0.055, 0.053 and 0.063 U ml-1 min-1), respectively for SMF conditions. On the other hand, the maximum cellulase activity under SSF technique with moisture level 10g : 30ml were (0.16 Ug-1min-1), incubation period 9th day, inoculum size 4 ml:10g, pH 5 and temperature 30 °C where the reducing sugars were (1.412, 1.532, 1.551 and 1.521 mg g-1) with maximum activity (0.20, 0.22, 0.23 and 0.23 Ug-1min-1), respectively . Based on the results, it may be concluded that rice straw waste can be a potential substrate for produce cellulase by SSF technique.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_4087_577b1069baa67df74b74747d45d155ec.pdf
2017-06-01
177
189
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1525.1007
Optimization of culture conditions for production of cellulase by Aspergillus tubingensis KY615746 using rice straw waste
sahar
El-Nahrawy
sahar.elnahrawy@yahoo.com
1
Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Metwally
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
AUTHOR
Rizk Y.
Abd El-Kodoos
3
Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
El-Sayed B.
Belal
4
Agricultural Microbiology, Dept. of Agric. Botany, Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Samia A.
Shabana
5
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
AUTHOR
Ilham M.
El-Refai
6
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical and Histological Differences of Corn (Zea mays L.) Responsive to Harpophora maydis Infection
Harpophora maydis (Cephalosporium maydis) is considered to be the most destructive pathogens causing late wilt disease of maize in Egypt. Pathogen isolation was carried out through five Governorates (Kafr El-Sheikh, Behera, Dakahlya, Menia and Sohage). Five isolates were differed in their virulence based on their pathogencity test with five cultivars (SC.10, SC.123, TWC.310, Giza-2 and Balady). The maize (SC.10) was resistant against all the isolates. While the Balady showed higher susceptibility. Isolate No.5 isolated from Sohage was the most virulent isolate (25.75%), while isolate No.4 was the least virulent isolated from Menia (1.6%). Moreover, under artificial infection, phenol contents were higher in the susceptible cultivar compared to resistant one at 30, 60 and 90 days from planting. Sugar contents measured at 30, 60 and 90 days from planting were significantly high (33.64 mg 10g-1 fresh weight) with susceptible cultivars relative to resistant one (23.18 mg 10g-1). Linear increment of phenol contents and sugars was observed with the resistant cultivar compared to susceptible one, but sugar contents were decreased after 60 days. Phenol contents were higher in resistant cultivar, while interestingly sugar contents were higher in susceptible one. For results of light microscope, thickness of sheath bundle of infected plants in resistant cultivar was higher than susceptible one, and increased over age with noninfected plants. Additionally, thickness of sheath layer in resistant and susceptible was affected after infestation process. So, phenol contents may play an essential role in resistance process against late wilt disease and sugar contents with susceptibility process.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_4739_a5193e80c1cc4ff36f18b43e3900970b.pdf
2017-06-01
191
201
10.21608/jenvbs.2017.2142.1017
Harpophora maydis
Zea mays
phenols
sugars
histopathology
Nasr
Ghazy
nasrghazy@yahoo.com
1
Maize and sugar Crops Dis. Dept., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shokrey
El-Gremi
2
Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ. Egypt
AUTHOR
El-Sayed
Belal
3
Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ. Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Organic Manure, Antioxidant and Proline on Corn (Zea mays L.) Grown under Saline Conditions
ABSTRACT Two field experiment using maize were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Agriculture Research Center in Tag El-Ezz, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during the growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. Eighteen treatments were arranged in split-split block design , which were the simple possible combination between three sources of organic manures (control, FYM and chicken manure) as main plots and three sources of antioxidants in foliar way (control, ascorbic acid and salicylic acid) as sub plots and two levels of proline as foliar application (without, 50 ppm) as sub-sub plots. . The results indicated that, the highest mean values of vegetative growth (plant height, fresh, dry weight of flag), chemical content of flag leaf (chlorophyll a, b, total, proline), quality (N, P and K % in grain, straw and cobs, fat, ash and protein%), yield and its components (cob length, no. of grain/cob, 100 grain weight, grain yield ton/fed, straw yield ton/fed and cobs yield ton/fed of corn) recorded with using chicken manure . The highest mean values of all parameters under investigation indicated with foliar application of ascorbic acid (100 mg l-1). Using of proline in foliar way (50 mg l-1) increased significantly above parameters over the control. While, moisture, total carbohydrates and fiber of decreased significantly with adding organic manure and the highest values recorded with the untreated plant. As for the interaction effect, using ascorbic acid as antioxidant and proline ( 50 mg l-1) under chicken manure application recorded the highest values of all mentioned parameters.
https://jenvbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_5518_2523e0283a8f0c71e579702d78e616e8.pdf
2017-06-01
203
217
10.21608/jenvbs.2018.2513.1021
Key word:Organic manure
antioxidant
proline
Maize
Baddour,
A. G.
1
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza – Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman
Rashwan
emr2010a@yahoo.com
2
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza – Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
T. A.
El-Sharkawy
3
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza – Egypt
AUTHOR